during the battle of antioch what relic did the crusaders find which rallied them on to victory

Boxing of Dorylaeum
Part of the First Crusade
The Battle of Dorylaeum
Date July 1, 1097 Location Dorylaeum Result Crusader victory
Belligerents
Crusaders	Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm
Commanders and leaders
Bohemond of Taranto Godfrey of Bouillon Adhemar of Le Puy	Kilij Arslan I Ghazi ibn Danishmend
Strength
Bohemund (vanguard): ~10,000* to twenty,000[1] Main force: ~ 30,000[1] (not all engaged)	~ 6,000-eight,000[1] [ii]
Casualties and losses
~ 4,000[3]	~ 3,000[iii]
*Maybe 2,000 knights and eight,000 men at artillery, no more than 3,000 knights and 12,000-foot.

The Battle of Dorylaeum took place during the First Crusade on July i, 1097, between the crusaders and the Seljuk Turks, near the urban center of Dorylaeum in Anatolia.

Background

The crusaders had left Nicaea on June 26, with a deep distrust of the Byzantines, who had taken the metropolis without their knowledge after a long siege. In guild to simplify the problem of supplies, the Crusader army had split into 2 groups; the weaker led by Bohemond of Taranto, his nephew Tancred, Robert Curthose, Robert of Flanders, and the Byzantine general Tatikios in the vanguard, and Godfrey of Bouillon, his brother Baldwin of Boulogne, Raymond IV of Toulouse, Stephen 2, and Hugh of Vermandois in the rear. On June 29, they learnt that the Turks were planning an ambush most Dorylaeum (Bohemond noticed his army existence shadowed by Turkish scouts). The Turkish strength, consisting of Kilij Arslan I and his ally Hasan of Cappadocia, along with help from the Danishmendids, led by the Turkish prince Ghazi ibn Danishmend, the Persians, and the Caucasian Albanians. Gimmicky figures place this number between 25,000-30,000, more recent estimates are between 6,000 to 8,000 men.^{[1] [two]} Back then numbers were mentioned absurdly high in order to give it a heroic twist, 150,000 men according to Raymond of Aguilers, which was not possible due lack of logistic back up, men and since Turks fought a hit and run guerrilla-tactic indicating a small regular army. Fulcher of Chartres gives the exaggerated number of 360,000. In improver to large numbers of noncombatants, Bohemund'southward force probably numbered about 10,000, the majority on human foot. Armed services figures of the time often imply mayhap several men-at-artillery per knight (i.east., a stated force of 500 knights is causeless to contain possibly ane,500 men-at-arms in add-on), so it seems reasonable that Bohemond had with him approximately 8,000 men-at-arms and 2,000 cavalry.

On the evening of June xxx, after a three-mean solar day march, Bohemund'southward army made camp in a meadow on the north depository financial institution of the river Thymbres, virtually the ruined town of Dorylaeum (Many scholars believe that this is the site of the mod city of Eskişehir).

Battle

On July 1, Bohemund's strength was surrounded outside Dorylaeum by Kilij Arslan. Godfrey and Raymond had separated from the vanguard at Leuce, and the Turkish army attacked at dawn, taking Bohemund'due south regular army (not expecting such a swift set on) entirely by surprise, shooting arrows into the camp. Bohemund's knights had quickly mounted but their desultory counterattacks were unable to deter the Turks. The Turks were riding into camp, cutting down noncombatants and unarmoured foot soldiers, who were unable to outrun the Turkish horses and were too disoriented and panic-stricken to course lines of battle. To protect the unarmoured foot and noncombatants, Bohemond ordered his knights to dismount and class a defensive line, and with some problem gathered the foot soldiers and the noncombatants into the centre of the army camp; the women acted as h2o-carriers throughout the battle. While this formed a battle line and sheltered the more vulnerable men-at-artillery and noncombatants, information technology also gave the Turks gratis rein to maneuver on the battlefield. The Turkish mounted archers attacked in their usual style - charging in, shooting their arrows, and quickly retreating before the crusaders could counterattack. The archers did little damage to the heavily armoured knights, but they inflicted heavy casualties on the horses and unarmoured foot soldiers. Bohemond had sent messengers to the other Crusader regular army and now struggled to hold on until aid arrived, and his army was beingness forced back to the banking company of the Thymbris river. The marshy riverbanks protected the Crusaders from mounted charge, every bit the ground was also soft for horses, and the armoured knights formed a circumvolve protecting the foot soldiers and noncombatants from arrows, but the Turks kept their archers constantly supplied and the sheer number of arrows was taking its toll, reportedly more 2,000 falling to horse-archers. Bohemund's knights were impetuous - although ordered to stand footing, small groups of knights would periodically break ranks and charge, only to be slaughtered or forced dorsum as the Turkish horses fell back beyond range of their swords and arrows, while nevertheless shooting at them with arrows, killing many of the knights' horses out from under them. And although the knights' armour protected them well (the Turks called them 'men of fe') the sheer number of arrows meant that some would find unprotected spots and eventually, after then many hits, a knight would collapse from his wounds.

Anatolia in 1097, before the Siege of Nicaea and the Battle of Dorylaeum

Simply afterward mid-day, Godfrey arrived with a force of fifty knights, fighting through the Turkish lines to reinforce Bohemund. Through the day pocket-size groups of reinforcements (also from Raymond, and Hugh, every bit well equally Godfrey) arrived, some killed by the Turks, others fighting to reach Bohemund's camp. As the Crusader losses mounted, the Turks became more than aggressive and the Crusader army plant itself forced from the marshy banks of the river into the shallows. But the Crusaders held on, and afterwards approximately 7 hours of battle, Raymond'south knights arrived (information technology is unclear if Raymond was with them, or if they arrived ahead of Raymond), launching a vicious surprise assault beyond the Turkish flank that turned them back in disarray and allowed the Crusaders to rally. The Crusaders had formed a line of battle with Bohemund, Tancred, Robert of Normandy, and Stephen on the left wing, Raymond, Robert of Flanders in the centre and Godfrey, Robert of Flanders, and Hugh on the right, and they rallied against the Turks, proclaiming "hodie omnes divites si Deo placet effecti eritis" ("today if information technology pleases God you will all become rich"). Although the ferocity of the Norman set on took the Turks by surprise, they were unable to dislodge the Turks until a forcefulness led by Bishop Adhemar of Le Puy, the Papal legate, arrived in mid-afternoon, mayhap with Raymond in the van, moving around the boxing through concealing hills and across the river, outflanking the archers on the left and surprising the Turks from the rear. Adhemar's forcefulness savage on the Turkish army camp, and attacked the Turks from the rear. The Turks were terrified by the sight of their camp in flames, and by the ferocity and endurance of the knights, since the knights' armour protected them from arrows and even many sword cuts, and they promptly fled, abandoning their camp and forcing Kilij Arslan to withdraw from the battleground.

Aftermath

The crusaders did indeed become rich, at least for a short time, later on capturing Kilij Arslan's treasury. The Turks fled and Arslan turned to other concerns in his eastern territory. They also took the male person Greek children from the region extending from Doryleum to Ikonium, some of them were sent as slaves to Persia.^[four] On the other hand the crusaders were immune to march virtually unopposed through Anatolia on their mode to Antioch. It took almost three months to cross Anatolia in the oestrus of the summer, and in October they began the siege of Antioch.

With the Crusader regular army moved onwards towards Antioch, the Emperor Alexios I achieved function of his original intent in inviting the Crusader in the first place: the recovery of Seljuk-held imperial territories in Asia minor. John Doukas re-established Byzantine dominion in Chios, Rhodes, Smyrna, Ephesus, Sardis, and Philadelphia in 1097–1099. This success is ascribed by Alexios' daughter Anna to his policy and affairs, only by the Latin historians of the crusade to his treachery and falseness.

Notes

1. ↑ ^{one.0 1.1 1.2 one.3} John French republic, The Crusades And The Expansion Of Cosmic Christendom, 1000–1714, p. 71 "[...]The result was a gap of about five kilometres betwixt the vanguard, consisting of the armies of Bohemond, Robert of Normandy and Stephen of Blois most 20,000 stiff, and the master forcefulness of nigh xxx,000. They were aware of that Kilij Arslan was near: he had returned to the fray afterward the defeat of Nicaea, with an ground forces of 6,000-7,000 mounted man, including his new allies, the Danishmend Turks."
2. ↑ ^{2.0 2.1} Bennett, The Hutchinson Dictionary of Aboriginal & Medieval Warfare, p. 103 "Following their successful siege of Nicaea in 1097, the crusaders split up into ii columns to aid foraging. The vanguard under Bohemond was attacked at Bozüyük. Sultan Kilij Arslan led vii,000-8,000 Seljuk mounted archers in an ambush, throwing the crusaders into confusion."
3. ↑ ^{3.0 3.one} John France, Victory in the East, p. 181 "Casualties appear to have been heavy although how far we can regard Albert's 4,000 Christians and iii,000 Turks as precise figures is a different matter."
4. ↑ Jr, [by] Speros Vryonis, (1971). The decline of medieval Hellenism in Asia Minor and the process of Islamization from the eleventh through the fifteenth century. Berkeley: Academy of California Press. pp. 175. ISBN 9780520015975. http://books.google.gr/books?ei=mepxULDJHoO2hQfGzoDYDw&hl=el&id=wBpIAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22military+positions.+Information technology+was+for%22&q=%22this+purpose+that+the+Turks%2C+%22#search_anchor.

Sources

• Albert of Aix, Historia Hierosolymitana
• Fulcher of Chartres, Historia Hierosolymitana
• Gesta Francorum
• Hans E. Mayer, The Crusades. Oxford, 1965.
• Raymond of Aguilers, Historia francorum qui ceperunt Jerusalem
• Jonathan Riley-Smith, The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading. Philadelphia, 1999.
• Steven Runciman, The Start Crusaders, 1095–1131. Cambridge University Printing, 1951.
• Kenneth Setton, ed., A History of the Crusades. Madison, 1969–1989.(bachelor online).
• John France, Victory in the Due east: A Armed forces History of the First Crusade, Cambridge Academy Press, 1996.
• John French republic, The Crusades And The Expansion Of Catholic Christendom, 1000–1714, Routledge, 2005.
• Matthew Bennett, The Hutchinson Dictionary of Aboriginal & Medieval Warfare, Helicon Publishing Ltd, 1998.

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